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Extinction

Extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms, normally a species. The extinction of a species is generally the second where the last available par to mate. Because a species' potential range may be very large, so determining whether a species is extinct is very difficult. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as the lazarus taxon, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" after a period of absence. Below are some examples of extinct species.

Dodo Bird
Ex. 17th Century

The dodo bird was a flightless native to the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. Mauritius was an island with no mammals and a high bird population. It was so peaceful there that the dodo forgot how to fly. In 1505, Portuguese sailors heading to Asia to trade for spices set foot on Mauritius. Dodo birds were killed for food and were a good fat supplement. This island soon became a popular stopover. The fact that mice often escaped onto the island. When the Dutch came, pigs and dogs and other predators were introduced to the island. These animals destroyed the dodo bird's nests and generally harassed them. 

Passenger Pigeon
Ex. 1914

One of the most abundant birds of North America, it's population in the early 1800's was once more than the number of individuals in North America. Over a century later, there was only one passenger pigeon left, which later died in the Cincinatti Zoo. These pigeons lived in flocks of 2 million or more. A person described a flock of migrating passenger pigeons as "a sky of black" which took three days to pass. This species has ben eradicated due to illegal hunting for their meat, which is surprisingly good. It is still hard to believe that a species which migrated in flocks of over 2 million bird is now extinct.

Great Auk
Ex. 1844

The great auk, also a flightless bird, was last seen in Scotland in 1840. Fishermen captured a great auk and brought it along on their ship. A few days later, a terrible storm struck the fishermen. Superstitiously, the fishermen blamed the storm on the great auk and called it a "maelstrom-conjuring witch". The great auk was then killed. This "witch" was the last great auk seen in the British Isles. 4 years later, a pair were spotted on an island off the coast of Iceland. The fishermen raced to kill them. During the chase, the pair's egg was crusjed by a fisherman's boot. That was the end of the great auks.

Tasmanian Tiger-Wolf
Ex. 1936

The thylacine, commonly referred to as the tasmanian tiger or wolf, was actually neither wolf nor tiger. It looked like something in between. Sprisingly, with the stripes of a tiger and the build of a wolf, this marsupial is actually related closer to a kangaroo. The tiger-wolf were extinct on the mainland, Australia, because it could not compete for food with the introduced species, dingoes. On the island of Tasmania however, the thylacine had a sort of safe haven, that is, until the European settlers came. Seeing the tasmanian tiger as a threat to livestock, bounty hunters were hired to kill the tiger-wolf's. These numbers were by their minimalists in the early 19th century. The bane of the rest of the thylacines was caused by an unknown disease. The last tasmanian tiger-wolf died in captivity.

 

To see more extinct species, visit

http://www.sciencechannel.com/creatures/10-extinct-species.htm

 

 (Don't worry, clicking this will open a new window)

 

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